With an allergy in the body, a distortion of immune responses occurs, which causes it to produce antibodies against harmless substances from the external environment, including food. A diet for allergies helps to reduce the tension of immunity in the presence of violations of its work (autoimmune diseases, etc. ) or if it has not yet been formed (in infants).The article provides a list of hypoallergenic foods, a list of foods not to eat, nutritional recommendations for breastfeeding mothers.
Hypoallergenic products
Food is foreign to the body in terms of its DNA structure, but it does not normally cause reactions. Even with a sufficient amount of enzymes, some protein molecules do not undergo complete fermentation into amino acids and can be absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, causing allergies. An antiallergic diet consists of such products. These are vegetables, grains and fruits that grow in the human region, do not have a bright red color and do not contain much protein and immune agents from animals from which they were obtained.
When it comes to food allergies, remember thatyou can't eat these foods:
Coffee, cocoa, chocolate.The reaction to these products is accompanied by a cross-allergy to legumes. They are usually triggered by the caffeine and theobromine in these products.
Semi-finished products, smoked products.They contain preservatives, food additives that cause both true and pseudo-allergic reactions. When smoked, many carcinogens are formed.
Mushrooms.Rich in protein and difficult to ferment, contains chitin and glucans in the cell wall.
Legumes(peas, beans, peanuts, lentils) - are known as a rich source of vegetable proteins, which serve as allergens.
Milk.In addition to the casein protein, milk contains antibodies to create passive immunity in the young of the animals from which it comes (cows, goats, etc. ).
Eggs.They contain albumin proteins and other nutrients necessary for the development of the bird embryo and can cause a reaction.
Fish and seafood.The presence of a protein antigen M resistant to heat treatment has been established there.
Cross allergy(vegetables and fruits). If the patient is allergic to pollen, reactions occur to fruits and vegetables that have a similar pollen structure or belong to the same genus (poplar, willow, apple). By reacting to the pollen, it is easier to determine exactly which foods to eliminate.
Meat.It contains a lot of protein, but usually due to denaturation during its preparation, the sensitizing ability is greatly reduced.
Cereals,especially wheat. They contain gluten, albumin and gliadin.
Pseudo-allergic reactions and some hypervitaminoses have manifestations similar to allergies. The main difference is the appearance of symptoms when foreign peptides first enter the body and the dependence of the severity of the deterioration of the patient's condition on the amount of food consumed. Such reactions appear on bright red, sometimes orange fruits and vegetables (tomato, pomegranate, citrus, strawberry).
What to eat - food list
Hypoallergenicthe diet requires elimination of first-order allergens(exotic fruits and vegetables, strawberries, cocoa, mushrooms, peanuts, nuts, coffee, honey, seafood, eggs, fish and milk with its derivatives - milk powder and cheeses), andmoderate intake of secondary allergens(cereals - wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat; legumes; potatoes; currants; cranberries; apricots; lingonberries; fatty meats with rich broths; herbal tinctures).
The following types of food are allowed:
Lean meat;
foods subject to partial fermentation during cooking;
residence-specific products;
white and green vegetables;
waste;
cereals.
Grocery list
Hypoallergenic productsallowed to eat:
Cereals: semolina, rice, as well as rolled oats and pearl barley.
Low-fat sour-milk products without additives, homemade is better: cottage cheese (9%), kefir (1%), fermented boiled milk.
Meat: lean beef, turkey, pork.
Offal (beef, pork): liver, tongue, kidneys.
Cod and sea bass.
Buckwheat, rice or corn bread.
Oil: butter, sunflower, olive.
Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, cauliflower.
Rutabagas, squash, zucchini, turnips.
Broccoli, green salad, spinach, herbs.
Green apples, pears, white currants and cherries, currants.
Compote of apples and pears (also dried), rosehip broth, weakly infused tea.
Non-carbonated mineral water.
Diet and nutrition for allergies
Foods for allergies in children and adults are prescribed in the form of medical tables. The list of products and menus areaccording to food tables number 5 and number 9.
In children
An anti-allergic diet in children requires the simultaneous exclusion of products that potentiate the reaction and the preparation of a diet sparing the digestive organs (in children, gastrointestinal dysfunction often occurs due to diettoo heavy, due to the immaturity of the liver and a smaller amount of enzymes than in adults). It is necessary to use hypoallergenic low-fat products with a sufficient consumption of carbohydrates. For thatappropriate medical table number 5, with the exception of food-borne immune irritants.
Table number 5
Also used for gastrointestinal dysfunction, liver and gallbladder disease.
Nutrients:
Protein - 80-90 g / day (in the ratio of animal and vegetable protein 3: 2);
fats - 70-75 g / day (¼ - for vegetable oils);
carbohydrates - 360 g / day (equivalent to 80-90 g of sugar);
water - 2-2. 5 l / day;
calories - 2400 kcal / day.
Recommended products:
Baked goods:dried, from bran flour and 1st grade flour, yesterday's bread, premium lean biscuits.
It's impossible: fresh pastries, muffins.Soups.Vegetable soups with zucchini, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin; milk soups with milk diluted with water (1: 1); with strongly boiled cereals (semolina, oatmeal, rice). For dressing - butter, sour cream, flour.
It is impossible: meat, fish, bean and mushroom broths.Meat.Lean Types: Rabbit, Turkey, Chicken, Lean Beef, Pork; cooked without skin and lived. The meat is boiled, steamed in the form of minced meat or a whole piece (chicken).
It's impossible: brains, kidneys, smoked products and sausages, meats fried and cooked in one piece, fatty poultry (duck, goose) and meats (pork, beef).Fish.Low-fat varieties, mostly freshwater. Boiled or steamed, in the form of cutlets and a whole piece.
It is impossible: fried, in batter, fatty varieties; salted, cooked, canned; caviar.Dairy.Low-fat dairy products: fresh cottage cheese (5-9%), sour cream (15%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk (2. 5%). Milk diluted with water for soups, cereals.
It is impossible: fatty cottage cheese, sour cream, cream; processed and hard cheese; whole and powdered milk.Eggs.0. 5-1 piece/day; steamed and boiled.
It is impossible: more than 1 egg per day, other dishes.Cereals.On water, milk with water (1: 1) - rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat (limited), vermicelli, semolina and rice soufflé, buckwheat and rice flour.
Not allowed: legumes, millet.Vegetables.Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin, broccoli, zucchini, zucchini, boiled or steamed squash, cucumbers.
It is impossible: white cabbage, onions, pickled vegetables, preserves, pickles, beets, radishes, radishes, turnips, sorrel, garlic, tomatoes, mushrooms, legumes.Fruit, sweets.Green apples, gooseberries, limited - apricots, white cherries and currants, pears raw, mashed, boiled; as part of jelly, mousse, jelly.
Not allowed: sour fruits, exotic fruits, bright red fruits, creams, chocolate, ice creams.Sauces.On vegetable broth, cereal decoction, with a small amount of low-fat sour cream; with unroasted flour.
It is impossible: mayonnaise, ketchup, on meat, fish, mushroom broths; oily and spicy dressings.Beverages.Weak green tea without additives; compote of pears, apples and currants; from dried fruits; rosehip decoction.
It is impossible: cocoa, coffee, black tea and tea with additives (including lemon); bright red berry compotes; citrus drinks; soft drinks.Fats.Butter - up to 30 g / day; sunflower and olive oil (limited).
The time for which a person should sit on an anti-allergic diet is limited: for adults - 2-3 weeks; for children - 7-10 days. If, when the diet is canceled, a rash and manifestations of allergic recurrence appear, the product to which the reaction occurred should be excluded.
Table number 9
It is prescribed for metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and allergic diseases. It requires restriction of carbohydrates in the diet, so it is prescribed mainly for adults and children with intolerance to lactose, sucrose, etc.
Nutrients:
Protein: 85-90 g/day (50-60% - animal origin);
Fats: 70-80 g/day (40-45% - vegetable oils);
Carbohydrates - only complex; 300-350g/day;
Water: 1. 5-2 l/day;
Calorie content: 2200-2400 kcal/day.
Recommended dishes and products:
Plain flour:bran, bran protein bread, from 2nd grade flour; protein-wheat. Unsweetened biscuits and pastries (at the expense of bread).
It's impossible: muffins, puff pastries, premium flour products.Soups:vegetable; borscht and cabbage soup on a weak broth; beet; weak broths of simple meat and fish; vegetable okroshka / with meat; meatball soups (fat free).
It's impossible: rich and greasy broths; mushroom soups; with beans.Meat:lean beef, veal, lamb, pork (tenderloin/white ball); rabbit, turkey, chicken; boiled tongue; liver (limited). In the form of compote, porridge, steam; you can boil the meat after light frying minced and a piece.
It's impossible: smoked meats, sausages, fatty meats, duck, goose, stew.Fish:lean varieties steamed, lightly fried, grilled, baked without oil. Canned tomatoes (limit).
It is impossible: oily varieties, exotic varieties of marine fish; Seafood; semi-finished products, pickles and preserves in oil; caviar.Dairy:skimmed milk (1. 5-2. 5%), or diluted with water for cereals; low-fat fermented milk products (cottage cheese 0-5%; kefir 1%; ryadanka 2. 5%); moderately - 15% sour cream. Varieties of light unsalted cheeses (cheese, feta, ricotta).
It is impossible: cream; sweet curd; hard and salty cheeses.Eggs:no more than 1. 5 pieces/day; boiled (boiled, boiled); steamed protein omelets; reduce yolk consumption.
Cereals:moderately (according to the carbohydrate standard): millet, pearl barley, buckwheat, barley groats, oatmeal.
Not allowed: legumes, rice, pasta, semolina.Vegetables:potatoes (XE limit), eggplant, cucumbers, tomatoes and beets (limited), carrots, broccoli, zucchini, squash, lettuce, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower, spinach, zucchini, pumpkin. Stewed, boiled, baked dishes; limited - fried.
It's impossible: pickles, preservation.Snacks:vinaigrette, vegetable caviar (zucchini), fresh salads, soaked herring, fish aspic, meat, low-fat cheeses (except tofu), beef jelly.
It is impossible: smoked meats, fatty snacks, sausages, lard, liver and mushroom snacks, pickles, canned food.Fruits, sweets:fresh fruits and berries (sweet and sour), jellies, masses, sambuca, compotes; sweets with sugar substitute.
Not allowed: chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jams, exotic fruits (banana, figs, dates), raisins and grapes.Sauces, spices:low fat on vegetables, low meat and fish broths; limit - tomato sauce, pepper, mustard, horseradish.
Not allowed: fatty sauces with lots of spices.Beverages:tea without additives, vegetable and fruit juices (unsweetened), rosehip broth.
Not allowed: sugary drinks, sodas, grapes and other sugary fruit/berry juices.Fats:lean, olive and unsalted butter.
It is impossible: meats and cooking fats (chips, lard, etc. ).
In nursing mothers
A hypoallergenic diet for a nursing mother avoids food reactions in a newborn and reduces gas formation in a baby. strictdietary restrictions are important in the first 3 months of a baby's life, because:
Nervous regulation of digestion and peristalsis remains immature (one of the causes of colic in newborns);
the digestive system adapts: previously, the child received nutrients from the mother's blood through the umbilical cord; the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and the production of gastrointestinal hormones are launched, the active production of bile and pancreatic, duodenal, gastric juices;
the enzymes in the baby's body are produced in limited quantities. Excess nutrients are not digested, which also causes colic and bloating;
unformed immunity (up to 6 months). The protection of the organism is ensured by the immunoglobulins of breast milk.
When compiling the diet of breastfeeding women, it is important that it contains enough calories. Daily energy consumption due to lactation increases by 500 kcal.
Due to the growing adaptive abilities of the child's body, the hepatitis B diet should be as strict as possible during the first 1-2 weeks of the child's life, with a gradual relaxation of thedietary restrictions and the introduction of a small amount of new products.
1-2 weeks
Completely excluded (what is not possibleto eateven in small doses)
cocoa and chocolate;
coffee, strong tea;
legumes;
fatty meat, rich broths;
oily fish and sea fish;
fruit;
White cabbage;
Milk;
eggs;
muffins and pastries made from premium flour;
Honey;
nuts.
Available in limited quantities:
Crackers made from 1st grade flour, bran flour;
lean fish varieties;
liver (except birds);
lean beef, chicken;
corn, buckwheat;
butter and olive oil;
baked green apples;
Potato;
sugar;
tea.
The basis of the scheme is (savinghypoallergenicfood):
low-fat dairy products;
lean meat: rabbit, turkey; weak broths of lean meat;
vegetables and broths from them: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts; broccoli; patisson, zucchini, zucchini; spinach; some onions and carrots;
cereals: rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat, oat flakes; moderately - corn, semolina;
fermented milk products: cottage cheese 5-9%; sour cream 15%; kefir, fermented baked milk, diet cheeses (ricotta, feta, unsalted cheese);
herbal teas (including lactation herbal teas: anise, fennel, dill, chamomile), rosehip decoction, weak green tea without additives;
desserts: crackers made from 1st grade flour or bran; bran dried bread (you can - a sandwich with a thin layer of butter no more than 1 piece / day), biscuit cookies (in bran, from premium flour - limited);
2-3 weeks - 1. 5 months
Completely exclude highly allergenic foods, as in the first 14 days, except for:
Milk.Use diluted milk no more than 1-2 times a week to make cereal. If a rash appears on the baby's skin, milk is excluded from the diet of a nursing mother.
eggs.In boiled form, no more than 1 piece / week; in the absence of a reaction in the baby - bring to 1 piece / day, limit protein.
Gradually introduce into the diet:
Fruits and vegetables characteristic of the yellow and red region:pumpkin, yellow apples (from 1/4 apple per day in cooked form), banana (from 1/4 per day); increase in potatoes in the diet; beets (boiled with 1 tbsp grated); tomato (start by adding tomato paste (1/2 package for 4 servings) or steamed vegetables (no more than 1/2 medium tomato at a time)); new vegetables are always introduced in a cooked/boiled form.
Different types of meat:beef, veal, pork, chicken (low fat parts - white ball, tenderloin, etc. ). Increase liver intake, gradually introducing chicken liver.
Increase your consumption of lean fish.
The diet is always adapted to the child. If the baby has a rash when a new product is activated, it is immediately removed from the woman's diet.
Up to 3 months, the nervous apparatus of the intestine has not yet formed, so you can not eat foods that promote gas formation and are difficult to digest:
fatty meat, strong broths, lard;
legumes;
heavy fruits and berries rich in fiber and sugar: cherries, grapes, pears.
3-6 months
The main phase of adaptation is over. Now in the diet of a woman, you can gradually include all foods, except:
Cocoa, chocolate, coffee;
semi-finished products, sausages and smoked meats;
sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup);
honey, nuts;
citrus fruits and strawberries.
The rest of the products are introduced gradually, observing the reaction of the baby (appearance of colic, rashes). It is advisable to include legume soups in the diet from 4-5 months of a child's life, starting with 1/4 portion at a time.
Within a day, 1 new product is introduced to monitor the condition of the baby. Therefore, borscht and other complex dishes should be eaten after the baby is used to all the ingredients (beets, tomatoes, cabbage, etc. ).
6-12 months
After 6 months, complementary foods are introduced to children, so you can not adhere to dietary restrictions (except for hyperallergens above).
Complementary foods start with cereals (buckwheat, rice, wheat), giving 1 teaspoon as the first serving. Porridges are boiled in breast milk and water, without adding fats and spices. For the first feeding, it is allowed to give homemade fermented milk drinks made from low-fat (2. 5%) milk: kefir, yogurt without additives and sugar. The child receives only fresh food (1-2 days after preparation).
They begin to introduce complementary foods at lunchtime (12: 00), breastfeeding the baby. For a week, the child must adapt to a portion of food that replaces complementary foods. After that, the previously introduced product is given in the morning (8: 00-9: 00), and new products are introduced for lunch.